Outline of ProMED-mail posts

Northern Uganda ウガンダ北部で an outbreak of yellow fever 黄熱 [ウイルス感染症] のアウトブレイクが確認された。
Yellow fever – Africa (05): Uganda (north) 20110111.0123
Yellow fever – Africa (04): Uganda, north 20110106.0074
Yellow fever – Africa (02): Uganda (north) 20110103.0027
Yellow fever – Africa: Uganda (north) 20110102.0017
Yellow fever – Uganda (11): (north) 20101230.4595
Yellow fever – Uganda (10): North, alert 20101229.4588
Undiagnosed disease – Uganda (09): yellow fever vaccination 20101228.4572
Undiagnosed disease – Uganda (08): yellow fever susp. 20101224.4531
Undiagnosed disease – Uganda (07): plague suspected 20101208.4382
Undiagnosed disease – Uganda (06) 20101206.4365
Undiagnosed disease – Uganda (05) 20101205.4354
Undiagnosed disease – Uganda (04) 20101203.4340
Undiagnosed disease – Uganda (03) 20101202.4334
Undiagnosed disease – Uganda (02): (TG) 20101130.4302
Undiagnosed disease – Uganda: Acholi, RFI 20101129.4297

[追加 2011-01-11 20:30]
ProMED-mail Archive Number 20110111.0123
Published Date 11-JAN-2011
Subject PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever – Africa (05): Uganda (north)
Date: Mon 10 Jan 2011
Source: AllAfrica, The Monitor (Uganda) report [edited]
URL http://allafrica.com/stories/201101100006.html

[Mod. TY氏解説:
新規の YF 黄熱患者 12人(The Monitor 2010年12月31日版)、死亡例の増加なし 計 48人。YF患者数 計 190人。]

Of the 53 countries in Africa, 39 are at a high risk of transmitting yellow fever [virus], including Uganda.
[ブログ投稿者注: 南部スーダン独立住民投票(2011年1月9日-15日) 賛成過半数で、2011年7月にもアフリカ史上 54番目の国家が誕生する。Wikipedia]

ビザ申請時(または、アフリカ諸国入国時)必要となる yellow card イエローカード (黄熱病の vaccination card 予防接種証明書)
(例) 南アフリカ共和国大使館で、ビザ申請時のイエローカードの10枚中 6枚は偽物だった。

[追加 2011-01-09 21:03]
ProMED-mail Archive Number 20110106.0074
Published Date 06-JAN-2011
Subject PRO/AH> Yellow fever – Africa (04): Uganda, north
Date: Wed 5 Jan 2011
Source: International Rescue Committee [edited]
URL http://www.rescue.org/news/irc-responds-deadly-yellow-fever-outbreak-uganda-9956
ウガンダ北部地域で対象人口 250万人に達する government-run vaccination campaign 政府運営ワクチン接種キャンペーンは、2011年1月下旬に始まる。

The outbreak is affecting an area still recovering from 2 decades of civil war between the rebel Lord’s Resistance Army [反政府 神の抵抗軍] and the Ugandan government. “The war destroyed many health facilities, and there is a severe shortage of trained medical staff, making this area particularly ill-equipped to handle an outbreak of such a serious disease,” said Cristine Betters, the IRC (International Rescue Committee [国際救済委員会]) director in Uganda.

[追加 2011-01-04 11:55]
ProMED-mail Archive Number 20110103.0027
Published Date 03-JAN-2011
Subject PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever – Africa (02): Uganda (north)
Date: Mon 3 Jan 2011
Source: AllAfrica, The Monitor report (Uganda) [edited]
URL http://allafrica.com/stories/201101030017.html

YF vaccine 黄熱ワクチンがウガンダに届くまで、あと2週間くらいかかる。
The vaccination targets 2.5 million people in 26 districts [県].
…
Dr Isa Makumbi, a health ministry official said about 3 million Ugandans are at the risk of contracting the disease if no immediate vaccination programme takes place across the region [ウガンダ共和国 北部地域].

[追加 2011-01-03 17:17]
ProMED-mail Archive Number 20110102.0017
Published Date 02-JAN-2011
Subject PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever – Africa: Uganda (north)
Date: Fri 31 Dec 2010
Source: Allafrica.com [edited]
URL http://allafrica.com/stories/201012310008.html
[Mod. JW氏解説:
黄熱ウイルスを媒介するヤブカ属 Aedes aegypti ネッタイシマカは昼間に吸血する(刺す)ので、insecticide-treated mosquito net/ bednet 殺虫剤処理済の蚊帳/農薬蚊帳は予防に効果的でない。
同ニュースの他記事では [30 Dec 2010]夕方、さらに死亡 1人(累積 49人)したと報告。
ウガンダ保健省事務次官(Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Health, Dr) Asuman Lukwago 氏によると(2010年12月31日発言/ ニュース記事)、同国とカメルーン共和国、2か国で共有する黄熱ワクチンは、[scarcity 不足し] 150万回分のみ入手可能。
ウガンダでは、2011年1月8日までに 住民 250万人を対象にワクチン接種する十分量等を整備する予定。
世界の YF vaccine 黄熱ワクチンの備蓄は不安定な状況。
ProMED-mail Archive Number 20100527.1763
「カメルーン共和国 南西州 [Sud Ouest] Kumba 県で黄熱 yellow fever [ネッタイシマカが媒介する黄熱ウイルスによる感染症]患者 1人が報告された (2010年1月25日 カメルーン保健省)。… 過去 50年間に患者発生歴のない Kumbaと Muyukaの 2県は含まれていなかった。保健省は、両県の 345 592人にワクチン接種を予定している。」
]

The number of those infected now rises to [黄熱患者数] 190, while the deaths stay at 48, 2 months after the disease broke out.
The Ministry of Health in a statement sent to Daily Monitor yesterday [30 Dec 2010] said the epidemic has remained confined to the 10 northern districts [北部地域 Northern Region 内] of
[10県で黄熱流行]
Abim [アビム県],
Agago [アガゴ県, パデル県アガゴ郡であった?],
Lawo [Lamwo ? ラムウォ県, キトゥグム県内の郡であった],
Pader [パデル県],
Kitgum [キトゥグム県],
Gulu [グル県],
Arua [アルア県],
Kabong [カボング県],
Kotido [コティド県] and
Lira [リラ県].

Junior health minister James Kakooza said the vaccine is scheduled to arrive in the country tomorrow [1 Jan 2011]; … [同国にワクチンが届くのは 2011年1月1日予定]

[追加 2010-12-31 08:03]
ProMED-mail Archive Number 20101230.4595
Published Date 30-DEC-2010
Subject PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever – Uganda (11): (north)

Date: Wed 29 Dec 2010
Source: Ultimate Media Consult (UMC), Uganda [edited]
URL http://www.ugpulse.com/articles/daily/news.asp?about=Yellow+fever+continues+to+spread+in+northern+Uganda+&ID=17339

The Ministry of Health last week [week of 20 Dec 2010] put out an alert on yellow fever following a strange disease that had hit the 10 districts in the region last month [November 2010]. The latest report put the death toll at 49 while 191 are hospitalized [最新報告では、黄熱による死者 49人、入院患者 191人].

[Mod. TY氏解説:
Since Uganda has had no reported yellow fever cases for some 40 years, pressure to maintain good herd immunity through ongoing YF vaccination doubtless has been low, especially in more remote areas.
]

[追加 2010-12-30 11:35]
Archive Number 20101229.4588
Published Date 29-DEC-2010
Subject PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever – Uganda (10): North, alert

Date: 28 Dec 2010
Source: U.S. Embassy Kampala, Uganda Warden Message [edited]
URL http://kampala.usembassy.gov/warden_message_10282010.html

Outbreak of Unidentified Illness Now Confirmed as Yellow Fever in Northern Uganda

After discussions with the Ugandan Ministry of Health and WHO, the U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ([米国] CDC) now confirms that the undiagnosed severe illness reported in Mission Kampala [首都 カンパラ] [文字化け] 30 Nov [2010] Warden Message (危険監視通知, 注意喚起) is an outbreak of yellow fever.
…
In light of these findings, the U.S. Mission in Kampala recommends that U.S. citizens residing and traveling in Uganda avoid travel to Northern Uganda unless they have been vaccinated against yellow fever within the past 10 years.
…

[追加 2010-12-29 07:11]
Archive Number 20101228.4572
Published Date 28-DEC-2010
Subject PRO/AH/EDR> Undiagnosed disease – Uganda (09): yellow fever vaccination
Date: Tue 28 Dec 2010
Source: The New Vision (Uganda) [edited]
URL http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/14/742118

2010年12月第4週の週末[25-26日]までに、死者 45人、他に感染者 178人となった黄熱 [の outbreak 発生]に対して、ウガンダ北部で少なくとも 250万人のワクチン接種が予定されている。
[Mod. CP氏解説:
This [, an outbreak of yellow fever virus infection,] remains to be confirmed unequivocally by laboratory testing.
…
The yellow fever vaccine is safe and affordable, providing effective immunity against yellow fever within one week for 95 percent of those vaccinated. A single dose provides protection for 30-35 years or more, and probably for life.
]

[追加 2010-12-25 14:52]
ProMED-mail Archive Number 20101224.4531
Published Date 24-DEC-2010
Subject PRO/AH/EDR> Undiagnosed disease – Uganda (08): yellow fever susp.
ウガンダ北部地域で本年11月[10月下旬との記事あり]から発生している病気の死者 45人。保健省発表の確定病名 最新「黄熱」、前回「肺ペスト」と変化。近年、* West Nile sub-region 同国北西部(White Nile 白ナイル[川]の西)などでは E型肝炎、エボラ出血熱、細菌性髄膜炎、コレラ、腺ペストを含む一連の流行あり。
Twitter http://twitter.com/TweetMedmail/status/18556364167057408

* districts of Adjumani, Arua, Koboko, Maracha-Terego, Moyo, Nebbi and Yumbe (Wikipedia)

[1] Date: Tue 21 Dec 2010
Source: The Independent [edited]
URL http://www.independent.co.ug/index.php/features/features/42-features/3755-strange-killer-of-abim-
略
[2]
Date: 23 Dec 2010
Source: Uganda Health News [edited]
URL http://www.ugpulse.com/articles/daily/news.asp?about=Yellow+fever+kills+40+in+northern+Uganda+&ID=17241
略
[3] Date: Fri 24 Dec 2010
Source: The Monitor [edited]
URL http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1078030/-/cjvl6uz/-/index

The Ministry of Health yesterday [23 Nov 2010] confirmed that the strange disease that has been devastating parts of northern Uganda is yellow fever [ウガンダ保健省は北部で発生している病気は 黄熱 であると確認]. …

[追加 2010-12-09 13:53]
ProMED-mail Archive Number 20101208.4382
Published Date 08-DEC-2010
Subject PRO/EDR> Undiagnosed disease – Uganda (07): plague suspected

[1] Date: Tue 7 Dec 2010
Source: Reuters Africa [edited]
URL http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE6B60HX20101207

ウガンダ北部で pneumonic plague 肺ペストが発生し、死亡患者 38人のほか、数十人が入院している (保健当局幹部発表 2010年12月7日)。

[2] Date: Mon 6 Dec 2010
Source: AllAfrica, The New Vision (Uganda) report [edited]
URL http://allafrica.com/stories/201012070114.html

[3] Date: 8 Dec 2010
Source: AFP [edited]
URL http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hgmieXl3QCUDRkdH0Z12UD704bFg?docId=CNG.6a0a014a69f4ce1afd31a8eefff9f2b8.441

[4] Date: 8 Dec 2010
Source: NewVision [edited]
URL http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/740598

[Mod. LL氏/LM氏解説:
Primary plague pneumonia has a short incubation period of 1-3 days, after which there is sudden onset of flu-like symptoms including fever, chills, headache, generalized body pains, weakness, and chest discomfort. A cough develops with sputum production, which may be bloody, and increasing chest pain and difficulty in breathing. As the disease progresses, hypoxia (low oxygen concentration in the blood), and hemoptysis (coughing up blood) are prominent. The disease is invariably fatal unless antimicrobial therapy commences within 24 hours of exposure.
]

[追加 2010-12-07 06:50]
ProMED-mail Archive Number 20101206.4365
Published Date 06-DEC-2010
Subject PRO/EDR> Undiagnosed disease – Uganda (06)

[1] Case count rising
Date: Sun 5 Dec 2010
Source: Daily Monitor [edited]
URL http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1066262/-/ckjh2vz/-/index.html

死者 38人、他に 患者 91人。
Ministry of Health officials said yesterday [4 Dec 2010] that preliminary laboratory tests conducted by local and international researchers have tested negative for the deadly Ebola, Marburg, Crimean-Congo fever, Rift Valley fever and typhoid. “Further tests are being run to identify the disease,” said Dr Kenya Mugisha, the director general of health services in the health ministry.

Dr Mugisha said the yet-to-be-established disease has, since 10 Nov 2010, been reported in the districts of Agago [アガゴ県], Pader [パデル県], Abim [アビム県] , Lamwo [ラムウォ県] , and Gulu [グル県]. According to the Ministry of Health, the affected patients complain of severe headache [激しい頭痛], dizziness [めまい], and a mild fever at the onset [発症時、微熱] and then progress with pain in the abdomen together with diarrhoea and vomiting [症状は進展し下痢、嘔吐を伴う腹痛を来たす].

[ブログ投稿者注: ProMED-mail Archive Number 20101130.4302 の記事では、2010年10月下旬、アビム県に発生し、Kitgum キトゥグム県に拡大したとの記載あり]
[Mod. CP氏解説:
ProMED-mail will only post new reports from the region when greater consistency is apparent.]

[追加 2010-11-06 08:06]
Archive Number 20101205.4354
Published Date 05-DEC-2010
Subject PRO/EDR> Undiagnosed disease – Uganda (05)

Date: Sun 5 De 2010
Source: Sunday Vision [edited]
URL http://www.sundayvision.co.ug/detail.php?mainNewsCategoryId=7&newsCategoryId=128&newsId=740159

ウガンダ Northern Region of Uganda 北部地域[の北東部] Karamoja [sub-]region カラモジャ地方の一部および [北部地域の北部] Acholi sub-region アチョリ地方の一部でほほ 1か月間、被害を与えている謎の病気は ペスト菌 [細菌 Yersinia pestis ]感染症 human plague ペストの可能性がある。

Kitgum district LC5 chairman, John Komakech Ogwok, quoting sources from the World Health Organisation [情報源は WHO], said on Friday evening [3 Dec 2010] that preliminary tests point at the plague.
…
The symptoms are said to be similar to the ones associated with a strange disease that broke out in Abim [アビム県] about a month ago and has now spread to Agago [アガゴ県, パデル県アガゴ郡であった?], Kitgum [キトゥグム県], Lamwo [ラムウォ県, キトゥグム県内の郡であった] and Pader [パデル県] districts. Those infected manifest symptoms of headache, stomach-ache, bloody vomiting and diarrhoea and also cases of blood seeping through most of the openings in the body. The last known report of the human plague disease in Uganda was reported in Arua District in 2004 and Nebbi in 2006.

[Mods. CP氏/DK氏解説:
On the basis of the limited descriptions of the disease so far available, plague would seem an unlikely cause and a book launch a curious venue to communicate the information. The plague that kills is pneumonic, and there has been no description about cough hemoptysis, etc. There is also no mention of buboes in others....
]

[以下は初回投稿]
感染患者数は明らかでないが、約 60人の患者のうち、少なくとも 20人は死亡したとの報告がある。
The number of affected people is unknown. About 60 cases are known, with at least 20 deaths reported.

ウガンダ Northern Region of Uganda 北部地域[の北東部] Karamoja region カラモジャ地方の[北西部の県] Abim アビム県(District)で、2010年10月下旬発生。
近隣の県、村に伝染し拡大。

他、Kitgum キトゥグム県, Gulu グル県, Pader パデル県, Agago アガゴ県([郡] Balang Village in Mutu parish in Paimol Sub County, Odiyo Village, Patongo, Wol )

2010年11月26日疾患状況報告 累積患者数 32人(うち 8人死亡 致死率 25%)

The situation report of 26 Nov 2010 indicates a cumulative figure of 32 cases with a fatality rate of 25 per cent since its outbreak in Balang village in Mutu parish in Paimol Sub County, Agago district early this month [November 2010].

キトゥグム県では、入院患者 10人中 8人が死亡した。
However, in Kitgum district, 8 out of the 10 patients admitted to St Joseph’s Hospital have died.

キトゥグム県、アビム県、アガゴ県 3県の死者 36人との報告あり。
[Mod. CP氏解説: In 2008, the region suffered an extensive outbreak of hepatitis E virus infection causing some fatalities.]

死亡時期は発病後、3日以内である。

… acute signs and symptoms of diarrhoea, vomiting, and severe frontal headache, sometimes associated with pain in the eye without conjunctivitis and blood in their stool …
“The illness thus progresses, with patients reporting abdominal pain localized in the epigastrium, and as it progresses, patients develop restlessness, mental confusion, and aggressive behavior which eventually results in coma and death, …

病院 Kalongo Hospitalの医療従事者 1人が患者の吐物から感染したことも報告されている。

… one of the health workers in the hospital has developed the disease after she accidentally came into contact with vomit of a patient suffering from the disease.

保健省は2010年11月中旬、予備的な検査結果から、[赤痢アメ－バ原虫による] amoebic dysentery アメーバ赤痢と確認したが、発生状況は、より重度である。
In the middle of this month [November 2010], Ministry officials, quoting preliminary laboratory results, identified the disease as amoebic dysentery.

The signs and symptoms of the disease indicate that it is most likely not dysentery, as it is sometimes thought to be in the absence of a clear diagnosis. Symptoms point to Ebola [haemorrhagic fever] but authorities have been unable to confirm that disease.